There is a known bug where after the quest to reclaim the Castle it becomes impossible to get him as a companion. [verified]
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This can be fixed on PC by opening the console, selecting Preston Garvey and inputting removefac 00075d56.
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A possible fix for this is to have Preston as a companion while initiating the assault on the Castle.
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Another possible fix is if the Sole Survivor sides with The Minutemen against The Institute in the endgame. After activating the bomb in The Nuclear Option, Preston will talk and can be asked to follow the Sole Survivor. [verification overdue]
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Another possible fix is if one attaches a generator to the conduits and wires already setup in the castle the power requirements will turn green in the workshop menu and he will be able to act normally again. [verified]
Quelle: http://fallout.wikia.com/wiki/Preston_Garvey
Die grün markierten sind zwar nur für die Xbox gedacht, aber könnten die nicht auch für den PC funktionieren?
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This fix works. In addition here is a short description of what Sc4bman suggested.
Summary: If your Preston refueses to talk to you for quests or as a follower -
First
use command (getfactionrank 00075d56) this should equal "2" when it spits out a readout. If it does not, memorize the number or write it
down.
Next type in (removefac 00075d56). This will remove the faction rank from your character and set it to 0 if you type (getfactionrank 00075d56 player). This effectively negates whatever faction id that is causing Preston to bug out.
Then, get him as your follower, and type in (addfac 0). This will effectively undo removing the faction rep for your player that you just did. NOTE: Once you dismiss Preston again he will become bugged and you will have to repeat this process again.
Hope that helps you folks, Preston and Piper are basically the "good guy" companions so bethesda should be on this quick as they don't like bad guys.
Quelle: https://steamcommunity.com/app/377160/discussions/0/496881136902358151/
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Da gab es das Problem auch schon einmal.
[gelöst] Preston Garvey begleitet mich nicht?